螺桨滑流对全机绕流干扰的数值计算

 数值计算采用面元法。在桨叶及全机面元的控制点上强加 Neumann条件以实现滑流与全机流场的相互耦合。计算中考虑了三维螺桨滑流的收缩及其对流场的影响。最后对运七全机气动力作了计算。结果表明 ,滑流对全机放襟翼状态升力特性有明显影响 ,使全机力矩特性产生较大变化。计算结果与实验值吻合良好。该方法对单发或多发螺桨飞机均适用     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

面向飞机装配精准定位的状态感知技术

状态感知、实时分析、自主决策、精准执行是航空智能制造的特征。总结影响飞机部件装配单元定位精度的多种因素,并结合感知技术发展,深入分析部件装配单元的可感知因素及其获取方式,确定了部件装配单元可感知的关键要素:装配现场温度、定位器所受载荷、定位器位移、产品位姿。结合飞机机翼装配单元,设计感知信息获取方式。通过模糊优选方法,构建传感器型号优选模型,完成部件装配单元传感器选型。通过传感器测量偏差平均化的方法,构建多种类、多数量的传感器布局模型,确定部件装配单元传感器的数目与位置,完成了传感器布局设计。基于多传感器信息融合方法,设计多传感器信息融合模型,对感知的多源异构信息进行融合处理,并通过构建状态感知模型,实现对部件装配单元定位状态的直观表达。     

Water takeoff performance calculation method for amphibious aircraft based on digital virtual flight

Owing to the strong coupling among the hydrodynamic forces, aerodynamic forces and motion of amphibious aircraft during the water takeoff process, the water takeoff performance is difficult to calculate accurately and quickly. Based on an analysis of the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of amphibious aircraft and the hydrodynamic theory of high-speed planing hulls, a suitable mathematical model is established for calculating the hydrodynamics of aircraft during water takeoff. A pilot model is designed to illustrate how pilots are affected by the lack of visual reference and the necessity to simultaneously control the pitch angle, flight velocity and other parameters during water takeoff. Combined with the aerodynamic model, engine thrust model and aircraft motion model, a digital virtual flight simulation model is developed for amphibious aircraft during water takeoff, and a calculation method for the water takeoff performance of amphibious aircraft is proposed based on digital virtual flight. Typical performance indicators, such as the liftoff time and liftoff distance, can be obtained via digital virtual flight calculations. A comparison of the measured flight test data and the calculation results shows that the calculation error is less than 10%, which verifies the correctness and accuracy of the proposed method. This method can be used for the preliminary evaluation of airworthiness compliance of amphibious aircraft design schemes, and the relevant calculation results can also provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of flight test plans for airworthiness certification.     

高职教育人才培养模式的创新与实践——以西安航空职业技术学院为例

随着高职教育内涵建设的发展需要,创新人才培养模式和提高高职教育质量迫在眉睫,西安航空职业技术学院坚持"工学四合"的育人模式,深化教学改革,提高人才培养质量,创新人才培养模式,对学院内涵建设的发展无论是理论上还是实践上都有积极意义。     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

超大口径环形天线包带展开过程动力学仿真

中间柔性包带是环形可展开天线的重要组成部分。中间包带拔销器解锁后，复材包带与环形桁架同步展开。因复材包带柔性较强，它会绕根部固定端进行回弹，因此展开过程存在金属接头和桁架上复材薄壁管件碰撞风险。随着天线口径增大，该风险会持续增大。基于柔性多体动力学理论对超大型口径环形可展开天线包带展开过程进行动力学建模仿真，并在此基础上分析得出包带展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离主要和复材包带阻尼率以及桁架预展速度相关。通过进一步研究发现：复材包带阻尼率越高，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越大；桁架预展速度越快，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越小。此外，对逆止回弹机构失效这一在轨极端条件下包带展开过程进行建模仿真，分析得出包带在该条件下展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离变化规律。该研究可为超大口径环形天线结构优化设计及包带在轨展开预示提供依据。     

航空发动机全机推力试车台测力方法与校准技术

为了实现航空发动机全机推力测量,研制了一种航空发动机装机条件下的推力测量平台,该平台采用“品”字形布局,嵌入到地面的试验地坑以下,实现了对不同类型飞机的推力测量。介绍了测量系统以及校准方法,使用该测量平台,分别对某大型运输机和战斗机进行了推力测量试验,实现了该两型飞机的推力测量,测量精度高,由于进排气以及发动机安装位置的影响,全机推力测量平台所测得的发动机装机推力与台架标准推力相比存在一定差距,运输类飞机推力损失一般小于3%,战斗机损失达到了5%～15.1%之间。     

大型运输机地面涡流场数值模拟

针对地面涡现象,建立了大型运输机装配涡扇发动机的三维模型,采用数值仿真方法模拟计算不同风速、风向、滑行速度条件下的地面涡流场。根据计算结果分析得到了地面涡流场分布特征及变化规律,提出了该型机运营过程中的注意事项。结果表明：针对该型机,地面涡进气主要造成进气旋流畸变,进气总压畸变水平较低,畸变指数保持在1.1%～1.7%之间。逆风风速大于5 m/s时地面涡消失,其强度随风速增加先增后减;随着风向变化,地面涡流场的涡系结构不断变化,处于下风侧的短舱更容易产生地面涡;滑行条件下地面涡强度变化较小,滑行速度达到3 m/s时已无涡吸入。实际使用中,地面静止开车时应着重观察旋流畸变较大的1号、4号发动机的工作状态;滑行时应着重观察地面涡吸入能力较强的2号、3号发动机的外物吸入情况。     

风场环境下主动建模无人直升机改进LQG控制

为了使小型无人直升机在风场环境下稳定飞行,通过将主动建模技术与传统的LQG控制相结合,提出了一种能有效适应模型不确定性的控制方法。该方法将风场对无人直升机的扰动看作随机扰动,并把这种扰动作为参数与机体模型中的状态合并成增广的机体状态量,而后用卡尔曼滤波对其进行实时估计,实时得到扰动的估计值,并将其反馈给控制器以实现对控制器的重构,从而完成对无人直升机的稳定控制。依据建模理论建立了机体的半解耦模型以及大气紊流模型,用该模型进行了仿真,结果表明,本控制方法对大气紊流有一定的抑制作用。